sentinel

SpringCloud alibaba Sentinel

介绍

sentinel类似于以前学过的hystrix 可以实现服务熔断，限流，降级等功能

主要特性

可以解决服务雪崩，服务降级，服务熔断，服务限流等等。

下载

去github上可以下载

下载完成后在cmd中运行
java -jar sentinel-dashboard1.7.0.jar

如果访问http://localhost:8080成功这是就说明启动成功，初始账号密码都是sentinel

使用

通常可以结合nacos一起使用

1.新建一个工程用来测试cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2022</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.zf.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zf.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

2.创建application.yml

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        #Nacos服务注册中心地址
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

3.写主启动类

4.写业务类

package com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.controller;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.io.StreamTokenizer;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class FlowLimitController {

    @GetMapping("/testA")
    public String testA()
    {

        return "------testA";
    }

    @GetMapping("/testB")
    public String testB()
    {
        log.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"testB");
        return "------testB";
    }

  
}

5.启动sentinel

6.启动微服务

7.查看前台页面

发现什么也没有，这是因为sentinel启动的是懒加载机制，需要执行访问后才会出现

流控规则

直接方式

一秒钟内超过一个查询会失败

报错时会显示Block by sentinel(flow limiting)，我们后面也可以自定义配置需要的兜底方法

关联

当关联的资源达到阈值，就限流自己

配置

设置效果

当关联资源/testB的qps阀值超过1时，就限流/testA的Rest访问地址，当关联资源到阈值后限制配置好的资源名

postman模拟并发访问testB

结果：A失效了

链路

多个请求调用一个微服务

流控效果

默认

直接快速失败 默认的流控效果

预热

比如默认coldFactor为3，即请求QPS 从 threshold / 3开始，经预热时长逐渐升至设定的QPS阈值。

应用场景：秒杀系统在开启的瞬间，会有很多流量上来，很有可能把系统打死，预热方式就是把为了保护系统，可慢慢的把流量放进来，慢慢的把阀值增长到设置的阀值。

排队等待

匀速排队，阈值必须设置为QPS

降级规则

RT（平均响应时间，秒级）

平均响应时间 超出阈值 且 在时间窗口内通过的请求>=5，两个条件同时满足后触发降级

窗口期过后关闭断路器

RT最大4900（更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效

异常比列（秒级）

QPS >= 5 且异常比例（秒级统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级

异常数（分钟级）

异常数（分钟统计）超过阈值时，触发降级；时间窗口结束后，关闭降级

Sentinel 熔断降级会在调用链路中某个资源出现不稳定状态时（例如调用超时或异常比例升高），对这个资源的调用进行限制，

让请求快速失败，避免影响到其它的资源而导致级联错误。

当资源被降级后，在接下来的降级时间窗口之内，对该资源的调用都自动熔断（默认行为是抛出 DegradeException）。

降低策略

1.RT

永远一秒钟打进来10个线程（大于5个了）调用testD，我们希望200毫秒处理完本次任务，

如果超过200毫秒还没处理完，在未来1秒钟的时间窗口内，断路器打开(保险丝跳闸)微服务不可用，保险丝跳闸断电了

后续停止jmeter，没有这么大的访问量了，断路器关闭(保险丝恢复)，微服务恢复OK

2.异常比例

3.异常数

是按分钟统计的

热点key限流

通常只针对某些固定的参数进行限流，热点即经常访问的数据，很多时候我们希望统计或者限制某个热点数据中访问频次最高的TopN数据，并对其访问进行限流或者其它操作

参数例外项：

系统规则

@SentinelResource注解

按资源名称限流+后续处理

首先启动nacos+sentinel

新建一个springboot项目

引入pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.zf.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
            <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件+actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.6.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

配置文件

server:
  port: 8401

spring:
  application:
    name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        port: 8719

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

主启动

业务类

package com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.controller;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.myhandler.CustomerBlockHandler;
import com.zf.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zf.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class RateLimitController {
   @GetMapping("/byResource")
   @SentinelResource(value = "byResource",blockHandler = "handlerException2")
   public CommonResult byResource(){
       return new CommonResult(200,"按资源名称限流测试ok",new Payment(2020L,"serial001"));
   }
   
public CommonResult handleException(BlockException exception)
   {
       return new CommonResult(444,exception.getClass().getCanonicalName()+"\t 服务不可用");
   }
}

配置流控规则

疯狂点击，出现自定义的处理信息，但是如果关闭sentinel服务，再次打开时配置就消失了，是临时的

按照url地址限流+后续处理

在上一个controller中新加入这段代码测试

@GetMapping("/rateLimit/byUrl")
  @SentinelResource(value = "byUrl")
    public CommonResult byUrl()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按url限流测试OK",new Payment(2020L,"serial002"));
    }

返回的结果是默认的sentinel处理信息

面临的缺点

1 系统默认的，没有体现我们自己的业务要求。

2 依照现有条件，我们自定义的处理方法又和业务代码耦合在一块，不直观。

3 每个业务方法都添加一个兜底的，那代码膨胀加剧。

4 全局统一的处理方法没有体现。

于是我们需要把兜底的方法单独放置

自定义限流处理规则

在原来的controller中再加入这段代码测试

 @GetMapping("/rateLimit/customerBlockHandler")
    @SentinelResource(value = "customerBlockHandler",
            blockHandlerClass = CustomerBlockHandler.class, blockHandler = "handleException2")
    public CommonResult customerBlockHandler()
    {
        return new CommonResult(200,"按客户自定义限流处理逻辑");
    }

服务熔断

sentinel可以整合ribbon+openFeign+fallback

Ribbon

新建两个provider服务

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003</artifactId>



    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.zf.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

server:
  port: 9003

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-payment-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

主启动

业务类

package com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.HashMap;

@RestController
public class PaymentController
{
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    public static HashMap<Long,Payment> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
    static
    {
        hashMap.put(1L,new Payment(1L,"28a8c1e3bc2742d8848569891fb42181"));
        hashMap.put(2L,new Payment(2L,"bba8c1e3bc2742d8848569891ac32182"));
        hashMap.put(3L,new Payment(3L,"6ua8c1e3bc2742d8848569891xt92183"));
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        Payment payment = hashMap.get(id);
        CommonResult<Payment> result = new CommonResult(200,"from mysql,serverPort:  "+serverPort,payment);
        return result;
    }



}

新建消费者服务

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mscloud03</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zf.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--日常通用jar包配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

server:
  port: 84


spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-order-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
        dashboard: localhost:8080
        #默认8719端口，假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
        port: 8719


#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
  nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider

主启动

业务类

package com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;


@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig
{
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

package com.zf.springcloud.alibaba.controller;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.zf.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.zf.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class CircleBreakerController {
   public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";

   @Resource
   private RestTemplate restTemplate;

   @RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
  // @SentinelResource(value = "fallback")  //无配置
  // @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback") //fallback负责业务异常
  // @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler") //blockHandler负责在sentinel里面配置的降级限流
   @SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler")  //两个都配  同时满足 是blockhandler会运行ud

   public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
   {
       CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id, CommonResult.class,id);

       if (id == 4) {
           throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
       }else if (result.getData() == null) {
           throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
       }

       return result;
   }


   public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable  Long id,Throwable e) {   //兜底方发
       Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
       return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容  "+e.getMessage(),payment);
   }
}

这样我们可以测试程序出错时和限流配置达到阈值时如何处理

• 无任何配置（默认的错误页面）
• 只配置fallback
• 只配置blockhandler
• 都配置